Good question. Transfer learning is related but not quite what I'm getting at. Your spinal reflexes are a neural network developed on an evolutionary timescale, they are somewhat flexible but also pretty specialized.

If you come at this from the engineering perspective your goal would be to write controllers using a NN substrate and then make then make them updateable through experience.

If you come at it from a pre-trained deep net perspective your goal is to find a smaller (probably shallower) network which captures low level motor patterns. You might do this by distilling a truncated larger net.

Either way you're looking for a separate component that can be plugged into a larger agent system.